TITLE
Transcranial Electrical and Magnetic Stimulation for Addiction Medicine: A Consensus Paper on the Present State of the Science and the Road Ahead
SOURCE
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 104:118-140, 2019 09.
AUTHORS
Ekhtiari H; Tavakoli H; Addolorato G; Baeken C; Bonci A; Campanella S; Castelo-Branco L; Challet-Bouju G; Clark VP; Claus E; Dannon PN; Del Felice A; den Uyl T; Diana M; di Giannantonio M; Fedota JR; Fitzgerald P; Gallimberti L; Grall-Bronnec M; Herremans SC; Herrmann MJ; Jamil A; Khedr E; Kouimtsidis C; Kozak K; Krupitsky E; Lamm C; Lechner WV; Madeo G; Malmir N; Martinotti G; McDonald WM; Montemitro C; Nakamura-Palacios EM; Nasehi M; Noel X; Nosratabadi M; Paulus M; Pettorruso M; Pradhan B; Praharaj SK; Rafferty H; Sahlem G; Salmeron BJ; Sauvaget A; Schluter RS; Sergiou C; Shahbabaie A; Sheffer C; Spagnolo PA; Steele VR; Yuan TF; van Dongen JDM; Van Waes V; Venkatasubramanian G; Verdejo-Garcia A; Verveer I; Welsh JW; Wesley MJ; Witkiewitz K; Yavari F; Zarrindast MR; Zawertailo L; Zhang X; Cha YH; George TP; Frohlich F; Goudriaan AE; Fecteau S; Daughters SB; Stein EA; Fregni F; Nitsche MA; Zangen A; Bikson M; Hanlon CA.
ABSTRACT
There is growing interest in non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) as a novel treatment option for substance-use disorders (SUDs). Recent momentum stems from a foundation of pre-clinical neuroscience demonstrating links between neural circuits and drug consuming behavior, as well as recent FDA-approval of NIBS treatments for mental health disorders that share overlapping pathology with SUDs. As with any emerging field, enthusiasm must be tempered by reason; lessons learned from the past should be prudently applied to future therapies. Here, an international ensemble of experts provides an overview of the state of transcranial-electrical (tES) and transcranial-magnetic (TMS) stimulation applied in SUDs. This consensus paper provides a systematic literature review on published data – emphasizing the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures while suggesting strategies to help bridge knowledge gaps. The goal of this effort is to provide the community with guidelines for best practices in tES/TMS SUD research. We hope this will accelerate the speed at which the community translates basic neuroscience into advanced neuromodulation tools for clinical practice in addiction medicine.
