TITLE
Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in Migraine and Cluster Headache. [Review]

SOURCE
Current Opinion in Neurology. 31(3):268-273, 2018 06.

AUTHORS
Starling A. Institution Starling, Amaal. Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently available non-invasive neuromodulation devices for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache.

RECENT FINDINGS
Over the last decade, several non-invasive devices have undergone development and clinical trials to evaluate efficacy and safety. Based on this body of work, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcutaneous supraorbital neurostimulation, and non-invasive vagal nerve stimulation devices have been cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration and are available for clinical use for the treatment of primary headache disorders.

SUMMARY
Overall, these novel non-invasive devices appear to be safe, well tolerated, and have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials in both migraine and cluster headache. This narrative review will provide a summary and update of the proposed mechanisms of action, evidence, safety, and future directions of various currently available modalities of non-invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of migraine and cluster headache.