Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation.

Authors:

Sale MV; Mattingley JB; Zalesky A; Cocchi L. Institution Sale,Martin V. Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia. Mattingley,Jason B. Queensland Brain Institute, The Universit y of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia; School of Psychology , The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia. Zalesky,Andrew. Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre and Melbourne H ealth, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourn e School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia. Cocchi,Luca. Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queenslan d, Queensland 4072, Australia. Electronic address: l.cocchi@uq.edu.au .

Title:

Imaging human brain networks to improve the clinical efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation. [Review]

Source: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 57:187-98, 2015 Oct.

Abstract: The flexible integration of segregated neural processes is essent ial to healthy brain function. Advances in neuroimaging techniques hav e revealed that psychiatric and neurological disorders are characterized by anomalies in the dynamic integration of widespread neural populations. Re -establishing optimal neural activity is an important componen t of the treatment of such disorders. Non-invasive brain stimulation i s emerging as a viable tool to selectively restore both local and widespread n eural activity in patients affected by psychiatric and neurological disorders. Importantly, the different forms of non-invasive brain stimu lation affect neural activity in distinct ways, which has important ramifi cations for their clinical efficacy. In this review, we discuss how no n-invasive brain stimulation techniques influence widespread neural integration acr oss brain regions. We suggest that the efficacy of such techniques in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological conditions is cont ingent on applying the appropriate stimulation paradigm to restore specif ic aspects of altered neural integration.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t. Review.