TITLE
Brain Neuromodulation Techniques: A Review
AUTHORS
Lewis PM; Thomson RH; Rosenfeld JV; Fitzgerald PB. Institution Lewis, Philip M. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Thomson, Richard H. Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Rosenfeld, Jeffrey V. Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. Fitzgerald, Paul B. Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
ELECTRONIC ADDRESS
philip.lewis@monash.edu
SOURCE
Neuroscientist. 22(4):406-21, 2016 Aug.
ABSTRACT
The modulation of brain function via the application of weak direct current was first observed directly in the early 19th century. In the past 3 decades, transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation have undergone clinical translation, offering alternatives to pharmacological treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Further development of novel neuromodulation techniques employing ultrasound, micro-scale magnetic fields and optogenetics is being propelled by a rapidly improving understanding of the clinical and experimental applications of artificially stimulating or depressing brain activity in human health and disease. With the current rapid growth in neuromodulation technologies and applications, it is timely to review the genesis of the field and the current state of the art in this area.
